B
No.2-44银卡 · B 级证据
本来就想养狗的，把每天遛狗算进走路量，别为了长寿专门去养狗
说人话
养狗的人同期死亡的概率平均低约四分之一，心梗、中风之后养狗的人低得更多。但扣掉其他差别以后，英国和挪威的大研究都看不出差别，养猫也看不出关联。所以别为了长寿专门养狗，本来想养的，把每天遛狗当成走路。
收益 · 换回什么
把 10 项跟踪研究合起来算，约 384 万人，平均跟了 10.1 年。养狗的人死亡风险低约 24%（RR 0.76，95% CI 0.67–0.86，这是可信范围）。心血管死亡低约 31%（RR 0.69，0.67–0.71）。得过冠心病的人里，家里有狗的低约 65%（RR 0.35，0.17–0.69）。作者写明，这个汇总没有扣除其他因素。瑞典全国约 343 万人的登记研究扣除了收入、婚姻等因素。独居的人养狗，死亡风险低约 33%（HR 0.67，0.65–0.69）。和别人同住的低约 11%（HR 0.89，0.87–0.91）。瑞典心梗之后的病人里，独居养狗的死亡风险低约 33%（HR 0.67，0.61–0.75），和伴侣或孩子同住的低约 15%（HR 0.85，0.80–0.90）。缺血性中风之后分别低约 27%（HR 0.73，0.66–0.80）和 12%（HR 0.88，0.83–0.93）。反方：英国 6 批健康调查共 59352 人，平均跟了 11.5 年。全部校正后，养狗和死亡没有关联（HR 1.03，0.98–1.09），和心血管死亡也没有（HR 1.07，0.96–1.18）。挪威一项研究跟了中位 18.5 年，养狗的人死亡风险几乎一样（HR 1.00，0.91–1.09）。那里养狗的人活动量也不比别人多。瑞典双胞胎登记里有 34202 人能问到生活习惯，在他们身上，养狗和心血管病、死亡风险低的关系没能重复出来。澳大利亚一项研究 15735 人跟了 4 年，养狗的人死亡风险低约 23%（OR 0.77，0.59–0.99），其中一部分能用活动量多来解释。养猫、养鸟、养鱼都看不出和死亡有关。美国心脏协会 2013 年的声明说，养宠物尤其是养狗，用来降心血管风险「可能合理」，这是最弱一档的推荐。同一份声明明确反对主要为了降心血管风险去领养、救助或买宠物。
来源 · 8 条链接Kramer CK, Mehmood S, Suen RS (2019). Dog ownership and survival: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 12(10), e005554. doi.org/…
Mubanga M, Byberg L, Nowak C, 等 (2017). Dog ownership and the risk of cardiovascular disease and death – a nationwide cohort study. Scientific Reports, 7, 15821. doi.org/…
Mubanga M, Byberg L, Egenvall A, Ingelsson E, Fall T (2019). Dog ownership and survival after a major cardiovascular event: a register-based prospective study. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 12(10), e005342. doi.org/…
Ding D, Bauman AE, Sherrington C, 等 (2018). Dog ownership and mortality in England: a pooled analysis of six population-based cohorts. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 54(2), 289-293. doi.org/…
Torske MO, Krokstad S, Stamatakis E, Bauman A (2017). Dog ownership and all-cause mortality in a population cohort in Norway: the HUNT study. PLoS ONE, 12(6), e0179832. doi.org/…
Taniguchi Y, Ikeuchi T, Yong J (2024). Dog, cat, bird, fish, and other pet ownership and mortality: evidence from the HILDA cohort. PLoS ONE, 19(8), e0305546. doi.org/…
Mubanga M, Byberg L, Egenvall A, 等 (2019). Dog ownership and cardiovascular risk factors: a nationwide prospective register-based cohort study. BMJ Open, 9(3), e023447. doi.org/…
Levine GN, Allen K, Braun LT, 等 (2013). Pet ownership and cardiovascular risk: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 127(23), 2353-2363. doi.org/…
Mubanga M, Byberg L, Nowak C, 等 (2017). Dog ownership and the risk of cardiovascular disease and death – a nationwide cohort study. Scientific Reports, 7, 15821. doi.org/…
Mubanga M, Byberg L, Egenvall A, Ingelsson E, Fall T (2019). Dog ownership and survival after a major cardiovascular event: a register-based prospective study. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 12(10), e005342. doi.org/…
Ding D, Bauman AE, Sherrington C, 等 (2018). Dog ownership and mortality in England: a pooled analysis of six population-based cohorts. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 54(2), 289-293. doi.org/…
Torske MO, Krokstad S, Stamatakis E, Bauman A (2017). Dog ownership and all-cause mortality in a population cohort in Norway: the HUNT study. PLoS ONE, 12(6), e0179832. doi.org/…
Taniguchi Y, Ikeuchi T, Yong J (2024). Dog, cat, bird, fish, and other pet ownership and mortality: evidence from the HILDA cohort. PLoS ONE, 19(8), e0305546. doi.org/…
Mubanga M, Byberg L, Egenvall A, 等 (2019). Dog ownership and cardiovascular risk factors: a nationwide prospective register-based cohort study. BMJ Open, 9(3), e023447. doi.org/…
Levine GN, Allen K, Braun LT, 等 (2013). Pet ownership and cardiovascular risk: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 127(23), 2353-2363. doi.org/…