A
No.6-29金卡 · A 级证据
不要指望学会「正确搬运姿势」、上搬运培训就能防腰痛,要减的是搬的重量和次数,平时多锻炼
说人话
上过搬运姿势培训的工人,后来腰痛的并不比没上过的少。搬东西时腰弯得多的人,也没看出更容易腰痛。和腰痛有关的是搬得重、搬得多,每次多搬 10 公斤或每天多搬 10 次,风险高约一成。平时规律锻炼的人,腰痛发作少三成多到四成多。
收益 · 换回什么
先看培训。Cochrane 系统综述 2011 年版汇总了 9 项随机分组的试验,共 20101 名员工。其中 7 项试验、19317 人的结果是:上过搬运培训的人和什么都没做的人,后来报告的腰痛差不多(OR 1.17,95% CI 0.68–2.02,可信范围跨过 1)。和只看了一段视频的人比,RR 0.93(0.69–1.25),也差不多。证据质量是中等。作者的结论是,搬运建议和培训不管配不配搬运工具,都防不住腰痛和腰痛造成的失能。再看弯腰。2020 年一篇系统综述汇总了搬东西时腰弯多少的研究,证据质量低。唯一一项跟踪研究里,后来腰痛和没腰痛的人,搬东西时腰最多弯的角度只差 1.5 度(−0.7 到 3.7),不显著。11 项研究里有 9 项没看到两组有差别。另有 7 项研究换了一种量法,腰痛的人搬东西时腰反而少弯 6.0 度(−11.2 到 −0.9)。作者的结论是,没有证据说腰弯得多会招来腰痛。最后看该怎么做。一篇荟萃汇总了 8 项跟踪研究:每次搬的东西每重 10 公斤,腰痛风险 OR 1.11(1.05–1.18,高约 11%)。每天每多搬 10 次,OR 1.09(1.03–1.15,高约 9%)。另一篇汇总了 21 项随机试验、30850 人。锻炼加讲解让腰痛发作的风险 RR 0.55(0.41–0.74,低约 45%),证据质量中等。单靠锻炼 RR 0.65(0.50–0.86,低约 35%),证据质量低到很低。单靠讲解 RR 1.03(0.83–1.27),护腰带 RR 1.01(0.71–1.44),都看不出效果。英国健康与安全执行局(HSE)的官方指南也写明:单靠培训保证不了搬运安全,好的搬运手法也替代不了配搬运工具、改进任务和货物。
来源 · 7 条链接Verbeek JH, Martimo KP, Karppinen J, Kuijer PP, Viikari-Juntura E, Takala EP. (2011). Manual material handling advice and assistive devices for preventing and treating back pain in workers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CD005958. doi.org/…
Saraceni N, Kent P, Ng L, Campbell A, Straker L, O'Sullivan P. (2020). To Flex or Not to Flex? Is There a Relationship Between Lumbar Spine Flexion During Lifting and Low Back Pain? A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic &
Sports Physical Therapy, 50(3), 121–130. doi.org/…
Coenen P, Gouttebarge V, van der Burght AS, et al. (2014). The effect of lifting during work on low back pain: a health impact assessment based on a meta-analysis. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 71(12), 871–877. doi.org/…
Steffens D, Maher CG, Pereira LS, et al. (2016). Prevention of Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Internal Medicine, 176(2), 199–208. doi.org/…
Health and Safety Executive. Manual handling at work: Training
Good handling technique. hse.gov.uk/…
hse.gov.uk/…
反方:Wai EK, Roffey DM, Bishop P, Kwon BK, Dagenais S. (2010). Causal assessment of occupational lifting and low back pain: results of a systematic review. The Spine Journal, 10(6), 554–566. doi.org/…
Saraceni N, Kent P, Ng L, Campbell A, Straker L, O'Sullivan P. (2020). To Flex or Not to Flex? Is There a Relationship Between Lumbar Spine Flexion During Lifting and Low Back Pain? A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic &
Sports Physical Therapy, 50(3), 121–130. doi.org/…
Coenen P, Gouttebarge V, van der Burght AS, et al. (2014). The effect of lifting during work on low back pain: a health impact assessment based on a meta-analysis. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 71(12), 871–877. doi.org/…
Steffens D, Maher CG, Pereira LS, et al. (2016). Prevention of Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Internal Medicine, 176(2), 199–208. doi.org/…
Health and Safety Executive. Manual handling at work: Training
Good handling technique. hse.gov.uk/…
hse.gov.uk/…
反方:Wai EK, Roffey DM, Bishop P, Kwon BK, Dagenais S. (2010). Causal assessment of occupational lifting and low back pain: results of a systematic review. The Spine Journal, 10(6), 554–566. doi.org/…